2013 Nissan Altima stalls at idle after battery replacement

You did not break anything. This is a classic Altima behavior after a battery swap. Your 2013 has an electronic throttle body, and when the battery was disconnected the computer lost its learned idle airflow values. Before the swap it had adapted over thousands of miles to a slightly dirty throttle plate; with the memory wiped, it is back to the factory default setting and the default lets too little air through at idle, so the engine dies.

The fix is an idle air volume relearn. A shop or a good scan tool does it in about a minute with the "idle air volume learn" function. You can also trigger it manually with the pedal-timing procedure from the Nissan service manual, which takes a few careful minutes of key and pedal sequences with a warmed-up engine and every accessory turned off.

Before you do that, pop the intake hose off and look at the throttle plate. At 134k miles it is probably caked with carbon. Clean the plate and bore with throttle body cleaner and a rag. A dirty plate is the reason the car needed the learned offset in the first place, and cleaning it makes the relearn take hold cleanly. Do not spray cleaner into a hot engine and do not move the plate by hand with the key on.

If it still stalls after the relearn, check for a vacuum leak from a hose disturbed during the battery job. But nine times out of ten on this car, it is just the idle relearn.